|
KMID : 0378019670100010093
|
|
New Medical Journal
1967 Volume.10 No. 1 p.93 ~ p.105
|
|
|
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Allicin and Arsenite on Albino Rats with Special Regard to the Effect on Body Weight, Hemoglobin and Hepatic Histology
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
Hotzel(1936) reported that garlic had an antihelmintic and bactericidal action and Cavallito and Bailey(1944) extracted an active substance from garlic. He named it "allicin". Kim(1965) reported that allicin had an inhibiting action on tissue oxidation, and on the TCA cycle. Dittmore(1953) reported that the volatile substance from garlic had an antitumor and antibacterial action. Jung(1938) caused anemia in rabbits by administering garlic. Previously Miyamoto(1935) also had reported the same result.
Arsenite has been reported to have a toxic effect on the liver, heart and kidney (McFarland et al. 1962 and Stolger et al. 1950). Freis and Mater(1944) reported that the arsenic compound(Mapharsen) caused anemia in human beings. Peters and Sandadi(1961) observed arsenite to have an inhibiting action on xanthine oxidase in vitro. Brodie(1963) reported that arsenite inhibited phosphorylation.
As mentioned above, both allicin and arsenite inhibit the tissue respiration and reduce the hemoglobin level.
The purpose of this experiment is to observe the effect of high doses of allicin and arsenite on rats, and to study the detoxifying action of vitamin C on allicin and arsenite toxins.
Materials and Methods
100 adult male albino rats were divided into 6 groups. Allicin, arsenite, and vitamin C were administered intra-abdominally as follows :
Group I: Allicin
Group II: Allicin and vitamin C
Group III: Arsenite
Group IV: Arsenite and vitamin C
Group V: Vitamin-C
Group VI: Normal saline
The rats were injected intra-abdominally everyday for 3 weeks. The body weight was measured every day and hemoglobin was determined every week. When the experiment was over, the rats were sacrificed and pieces of the liver were removed and treated as follows:
Fixation; Zenker´s solution and 10% formalin for the fat staining
Section; Paraffin section-5 micron, Frozen section for the fat staining-10 micron
Staining methods; Henatoxylin-Eosin stain for routine, PAS stain for glycogen, Methyl green-Pyronin stain for RNA, and Oil red-O isopropanol stain for fat.Results and Summary
1. The effect of allicin and arsenite on body weight:
Arsenite did not effect body weight but allicin inhibited the increase in body weight of rats. Vitamin C prevented the toxic effect of allicin on body weight.
2. The effect of allicin and arsenite on hemoglobin:
Arsenite reduced the hemoglobin but vitamin C did not have any detoxifying effect on the arsenite. At the begining of the experiments allicin reduced the hemoglobin level slightly but, at the end of the experiments, the hemoglobin level returned to normal. In the group receiving vitamin C, from the begining the hemoglobin remained continuously normal.
3. Summary of histological findings :
Group , H-E for routine , PAS for glycogen NIGP for RNA , Oil RO for fat
Normal Unclear border of the Many PAS-positive More Pyronin-positive Fat granules accumula-
group lobule. Unclear ramifica- granules in the periphe- granules in the central ted in a few spots of
tion of the interlobular ral part of the lobule. area than in the lobular the central area.
artery. periphery.
Radially arranged he-
patic cell cord. i
Group 1 Generally somewhat Many PAS - positive No difference between Profused fat granules
hyperemic. granules in the . central the peripheral and cen- in the peripheral part.
Infiltration of lymph- area. tral area.
ocytes in the portal
triangle.
General degenerative
changes in liver cells,
periportal area being
more marked than cen-
tral area.
Group 1 Less infiltration of W Same as the above. Less Pyronin-positive Same as the Normal
BC in the portal triangle granules than in then nor- group.
than in Group I. mal, but somewhat more
The other findings are in the periphery than
almost the same as the in the central.
normal.
Group M Changes in the portal More PAS-positive Same as the Group I. More fat granules in
area but no changes in granules in the peripher- Scarce focal necrosis in the midzonal area than
the central area. al part than in the the peripheral part. in the peripheral and
central. central area.
j Disseminated focal ne-
crosis in the midzonal
j area.
Group IV { No changes in the More PAS-positive gra- Same as the Group M. Same as the Group 1.
peripheral area. nules in the central area
A few focal necrosis in than in the peripheral
a the midzonal area. area.
Group V Same as the normal More PAS-positive gra- No staining. Same as the Normal
group. nules in the area central group.
1 than in the peripheral
area.
Group 11 Same as the Normal Same as the Normal No staining. Same as the Normal
group. group. group.
Abbreviation: H-E, Hematoxylin-Eosin stain. PAS, Periodic acid-Schiff stain. MGP, Methyl green-Pyronin stain, Oil R0, Oil red-0 isopropanol stain.Conclusion
High doses of allicin and arsenite were administered to albino rats. Their toxic effect as well as the detoxic effect of vitamin C on these toxic substances was investigated.
1) High doses of allicin inhibited the growth of albino rats but arsenite did not.
2) Arsenite reduced the hemoglobin level but allicin did not.
3) Allicin showed toxic effects on the liver as follows: glycogen, and, RNA were reduced at the portal vein area and fat infiltration was seen there.
4) Arsenite also showed almost the same hepatic changes as allicin did.
5) Vitamin C prevented the toxic effect of allicin. on body weight and on the liver. It did not prevent the toxic effects of arsenite.
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
|
|
|
FullTexts / Linksout information
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listed journal information
|
|
|
|
|